18. september 2010

All Quiet on the Western Front (1929/30)

Danes je že nekako jasno, da ima Akademija zelo rada vojne filme, saj so ti zelo pogosto nagrajeni. Naklonjenost do tega žanra se je pokazala že v zgodnjih letih podeljevanja oskarjav: kipec za najboljši film sta v prvih treh letih namreč kar dvakrat dobili zgodbi postavljeni v čas prve svetovne vojne. Po letalskih Krilih je dve leti kasneje slavila adaptacija literarnega dela Na zahodnu nič novega, ki jo je leta 1929 izdal nemški avtor Erich Maria Remarque. Knjiga je bila skupaj z njenim nadaljevanjem Pot nazaj, v času nacistične Nemčije zaradi svoje jasne protivojne propagande, prepovedana. Tudi redna predvajanja tega filma so bila ovirana, saj so nacisti, ki so se v času premiere šele vzpenjali na oblast, predstave prekinjali z glasnimi vzkliki in celo spuščali podgane v dvorane. Kako tudi ne, Remarque je namreč preroško obsodil kasneje usodni pretirani nacionalizem in ga utelesil v fanatičnem učitelju, ki prepriča skupino šolarjev, da se častno podajo v boj za domovino. Fantje si pogumno oprtajo puške, čeprav nobenemu ni povsem jasno zakaj ali kdo je vojno sploh začel. Njihovi dnevi v globokih jarkih so prežeti s strahom, lakoto in mrazom, kar pa je le ena plat nesmiselne vojne. Drugo plat namreč spoznajo kasneje, daleč stran od bunkerjev, kjer pa so žvižgi granat še veliko glasnejši.

All_Quiet_Western_Front.jpg

Ironično, filma niso obsojali le v Nemčiji, ker naj bi prikazoval šbikost njihovih vojakov, temveč tudi v sosednji Poljski, kjer so nanj gledali kot pretirano pro-nemškega. Kakorkoli že, film je bil velik uspeh povsod po svetu, zaradi česar so si pri studiu Universal pošteno oddahnili. Stal jih je namreč za tiste čase nezanemarljivih 1,25 milijona dolarjev, kar je v luči zloma newyorške borze nekaj mesecev prej, pomenilo še večje tveganje.

Film je bil poleg osvojenih oskarjev za najboljši film in režijo, nominiran še za scenarij in fotografijo. Slednjo odlikuje nekaj zares nepozabnih prizorov, med katere ne štejemo le za tisti čas spektakularnega prikazovanja bojev (zaradi realističnosti so jih uporabljali celo v nekaterih dokumentarcih), temveč tudi sentimentalne slike, ki so se zapisale v filmsko zgodovino. Eden takšnih je zadnji prizor v katerem takrat 21-letni igralec in kasnejši zvezdnik, Lew Ayers, stegne roko za nebogljenim metuljčkom. Roka pravzaprav ni bila Ayersova temveč je pripadala režiserju, Lewisu Milestonu, ki je za svoje delo prejel že drugega oskarja v treh letih. Milestone je bil tudi sam vojni veteran, Ayers po drugi strani, pa se je prav zaradi izkušnje s tem filmom uprl bojem druge svetovne vojne, kar je močno zrahljalo njegovo priljubljenost.

All_Quiet_Western_Front_butterfly.jpg

James Whale je sedem let kasneje na veliko platno prenesel še že omenjeno nadaljevanje romana, Pot nazaj, ki pa v ničemer ni dosegla svojega predhodnika. Zato pa je bila precej pozitivnih kritik deležen remake iz leta 1979, ki je bil sicer posnet le za televizijo, glavni vlogi pa sta odigrala Richard Thomas in Ernest Borgnine. Hollywood za leto 2012 pripravlja še en remake, katerega ekipa pa še ni znana. Šepeta se le, da naj bi mladega Paula Bäumerja odigral Daniel Radcliffe.

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